MAXSUS MISSIYALAR INSTITUTINING TARIXIY RIVOJLANISHI
Kalit so‘zlar:
maxsus missiyalar, “ad hoc” diplomatiya, 1969-yildagi Maxsus missiyalar toʻgʻrisidagi konvensiya, diplomatik huquq, xalqaro odat huquqi, kodifikatsiya, doimiy diplomatik vakolatxonalarAnnotatsiya
Ushbu maqolada maxsus missiyalar institutining tarixiy rivojlanishi tadqiq etiladi, uning qadimiy “ad hoc” diplomatik amaliyotdan xalqaro huquqning mustaqil instituti sifatida kodifikatsiya qilinishigacha boʻlgan evolyutsiyasi koʻrib chiqiladi. Xalqaro huquq komissiyasi materiallariga, 1961- va 1969-yillardagi konvensiyalarga, shuningdek, diplomatik huquqqa oid ikkilamchi adabiyotlarga asoslangan doktrinal-tarixiy metoddan foydalanib, tadqiqotda uchta davr izchil tahlil qilinadi: qadimgi va oʻrta asrlar amaliyoti, XV–XIX asrlar klassik diplomatik tizimi hamda XX asr kodifikatsiyasi. Natijalar shuni koʻrsatadiki, maxsus missiyalar tarixan doimiy diplomatik vakolatxonalardan oldin, yaʼni miloddan avvalgi toʻrtinchi ming yillikdan buyon faoliyat yuritib kelgan. XV asr oxirida doimiy (rezident) elchixonalar paydo boʻlganidan soʻng ham ikkala institut bir-birini siqib chiqarmasdan, balki asrlar davomida yonma-yon mavjud boʻlgan. Maxsus missiyalar faoliyati uzoq vaqt davomida xalqaro odat huquqi normalari va davlatlarning ikki tomonlama amaliyoti asosida tartibga solingan. Bu esa ularning huquqiy himoyasi parchalanib ketishiga olib kelgan. Bu holat ikki jahon urushidan keyin “ad hoc” diplomatik aloqalar kengayishi bilan tobora maqbul boʻlmay qolgan. Maqolada shunday xulosaga kelinadiki, 1969-yildagi Konvensiya yangi institutning yaratilishi emas, balki mazkur tarixiy jarayonning yakuniy natijasi boʻlib, u allaqachon shakllangan odat normalariga shartnoma-huquqiy shakl bergan. Shu bilan birga, u odat huquqining qoldiq rolini saqlab qolgan. Maxsus missiyalar diplomatiyaning moslashuvchan vositasi boʻlib qolmoqda va doimiy diplomatik vakillikni toʻldiruvchi ahamiyat kasb etmoqda.
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