IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STANDARDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN: AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ANALYSIS AND NATIONAL PRACTICE

Authors

Keywords:

women’s rights, digital rights, international standards, implementation, gender equality, substantive equality, due diligence, gender mainstreaming

Abstract

The article provides an international legal analysis of the implementation of standards for protecting women’s rights in the digital sphere in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Universal and regional mechanisms are examined, including the provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), substantive equality, due diligence, and gender mainstreaming. Special attention is paid to transforming the digital environment into a space for both the realization and violation of women’s rights, including phenomena such as cyberviolence and digital discrimination. It analyzes Uzbekistan’s national legislation and its compliance with international obligations and identifies existing gaps in implementation mechanisms. The work substantiates the necessity of improving legal regulation and institutional mechanisms to ensure substantive gender equality in the context of digitalization.

References

CEDAW Committee. (2004). General recommendation No. 25: On article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, on temporary special measures. United Nations. https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/recommendations/General%20recommendation%2025.pdf

CEDAW Committee. (2017). General recommendation No. 35 on gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19. United Nations. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/general-recommendation-no-35

CEDAW Committee. (2018). General recommendation No. 37 on gender-related dimensions of disaster risk reduction in the context of climate change. United Nations. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/general-comments-and-recommendations/general-recommendation-no-37

Clayton, C. H. (2010). Equality and human rights in constitutional systems. Oxford University Press.

Council of Europe. (2011, May 11). Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. https://www.coe.int

ECOSOC. (1997). Agreed conclusions 1997/2. United Nations. https://www.un.org

Fredman, S. (2011). Discrimination law (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Fredman, S. (2016). Substantive equality revisited. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 14(3), 712–738. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/mow043

Fredman, S., & Goldblatt, B. (2015). Gender equality and human rights. UN Women.

Republic of Uzbekistan. (2019, September 2). On guarantees with respect to equal rights and opportunities for women and men (Law No. LRU-562). Lex.uz. https://lex.uz/docs/4494873

Saidov, A. Kh. (2002). International human rights law. Tashkent State Institute of Law.

Saidov, A. Kh. (2004). Universal declaration of human rights and Uzbekistan. National Center for Human Rights of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Saidov, A. Kh. (Ed.). (2008). International human rights documents. National Center for Human Rights.

UN Women. (2022). Generation equality in the digital age. https://www.unwomen.org

UN Women. (2023). Progress on the Sustainable Development Goals: The gender snapshot 2023. https://www.unwomen.org

United Nations General Assembly. (2020, December 16). Women and girls and human rights in the digital age (A/RES/75/161). United Nations. https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/75/161

United Nations. (1966a). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights

United Nations. (1966b). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights

United Nations. (1979). Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-elimination-all-forms-discrimination-against-women

United Nations. (1995). Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. https://www.un.org

World Bank. (2021). Women, Business and the Law 2021. https://www.worldbank.org

Downloads

Published

2026-05-04

How to Cite

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STANDARDS FOR THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN: AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ANALYSIS AND NATIONAL PRACTICE. (2026). JURISPRUDENCE, 6(2), 76-86. https://yurisprudensiya.tsul.uz/index.php/yurisprudensiya/article/view/742