INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN SUSTAINABLE LEGAL MANAGEMENT OF FOREST FUND LANDS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR UZBEKISTAN

Abstract

The article provides an in-depth comparative legal analysis of the legal regulation of the use of forest fund lands using examples from foreign countries: Germany, the USA, Canada, and Russia. The research covers various models of forest resource management, including the ratio of state and private ownership, legal mechanisms for leasing forest plots, and forms of state participation in regulating and protecting forests. It is emphasized that, despite the differences in institutional approaches, the legislative systems of the countries under consideration are based on common principles of sustainable forest management, maintaining ecological balance, and ensuring economic efficiency. Special attention is paid to identifying both specific features and similar trends. In Germany, private ownership of forest resources prevails with active state support. In Canada and Russia, the model of state ownership with a multi-level regulation system prevails. In the USA, there is a mixed system characterized by a high share of private owners and developed coordination between federal and local authorities. Legislative mechanisms for monitoring, stimulating the rational use of forests, and environmental protection were analyzed separately. It was concluded that studying and adapting foreign experience can significantly contribute to improving Uzbekistan’s forest legislation. Integrating environmental, economic, and social aspects in the development of forest policy will increase the effectiveness and sustainability of the national forest management system.