THE LEGAL NATURE AND PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENSES IN THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

This article is dedicated to a comprehensive study of the legal nature and principles of administrative liability for environmental offenses in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, with a comparative legal analysis of the legal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Environmental offenses are considered by the author as a special category of illegal and socially dangerous acts that violate environmental law and order, cause damage to the environment, and create a threat to sustainable development. Administrative liability in this area serves as the most important form of public legal influence aimed at preventing harmful actions, ensuring the restoration of the violated legal balance, and protecting citizens’ rights to a favorable environment. The article details the key principles of administrative liability, including legality, fairness, humanism, individualization of punishment, inevitability of responsibility, proportionality, publicity, and preventive orientation. Comparative analysis with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan reveals a higher level of detail in legal norms, institutional elaboration, and application of procedural guarantees, which serves as a basis for formulating proposals for improving the Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Administrative Liability. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the specific features of legal regulation of environmental offenses: the composition of offenses, the range of subjects, the types of sanctions, the mechanisms for compensation for damages, and the means of legal protection. The conducted comparative legal approach, based on the analysis of national and foreign experience, allows for the identification of general trends in the development of the institution of administrative liability and the disclosure of differences in the degree of detail of legal norms, institutional support, and procedural guarantees, which is of practical importance for the formation of an effective environmental protection system in Uzbekistan..