IMPROVING PUBLIC SAFETY ENSURING: THE EXPERIENCE OF TURKEY AND PROSPECTS FOR UZBEKISTAN

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive comparative-legal, critical, and institutional analysis of the regulatory framework governing public safety in the Republic of Turkey. The study encompasses constitutional-legal norms, legislation on the activities of law enforcement agencies, gendarmerie, intelligence structures, as well as anti-terrorism regulations and legal mechanisms for maintaining public order. Key structural issues have been identified, including the concentration of powers within security agencies, insufficient parliamentary and judicial oversight, and limited mechanisms for civilian monitoring of their activities. Emphasis is placed on the contradiction between stringent national security measures and adherence to democratic standards for human rights protection, which is particularly relevant amid rising terrorist threats and emergency situations. The analysis reveals that Turkey’s law enforcement practices exhibit a tendency toward strengthening repressive mechanisms, which poses risks of institutional imbalance in the public safety system and limits its adaptability to modern challenges. A significant part of the study is dedicated to exploring the potential for adapting Turkey’s best practices to improve the public safety system in Uzbekistan. In this context, the principles of institutional management of law enforcement structures, the normative delineation of functions of state security bodies, and mechanisms for overseeing the implementation of anti-terrorism measures are examined. The study proposes scientifically substantiated recommendations for balancing stringent public regulation norms with international human rights standards, developing legal mechanisms to prevent abuses by security agencies, and enhancing the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks for public safety in light of contemporary social, political, and legal realities.