Anti-corruption measures in several central asian countries: comparative analysIS

Abstract

This article examines the implementation and effectiveness of anti-corruption frameworks across Central Asian nations, focusing on Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Based on the OECD’s 2024 Baseline Reports of the Fifth Round of Monitoring of Anti-Corruption Reforms under the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan, the research analyzes various aspects of anti-corruption efforts, including legislative frameworks, enforcement practices, and international cooperation mechanisms. The study reveals significant variations in progress and persistent challenges across the region. While some countries, notably Kazakhstan, have shown advancement in areas such as statistical transparency and high-level prosecutions, others struggle with fundamental issues in their legislative frameworks and enforcement capabilities. Common challenges include the problematic dual-track system of administrative and criminal liability, inadequate corporate liability mechanisms, and weak asset recovery frameworks. The analysis identifies particular concerns in areas such as immunity systems, international cooperation, and the prosecution of complex corruption cases. The research highlights the need for enhanced regional cooperation and standardized approaches to anti-corruption efforts, while emphasizing the importance of aligning national frameworks with international standards, particularly the United Nations Convention against Corruption. This comprehensive assessment contributes to understanding the current state of anti-corruption efforts in Central Asia and identifies crucial areas for future reform.