МЕЖДУНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ФОРМАТА «ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ АЗИЯ – КИТАЙ»: ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ, ДОГОВОРНО-ПРАВОВАЯ БАЗА И ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА
Ключевые слова:
Центральная Азия, Китайская Народная Республика, международное право, международное сотрудничество, международные договоры, ШОС, саммит «Китай – Центральная Азия», инициатива «Один пояс, один путь»Аннотация
В статье комплексно исследуются международно-правовые основы формирования и развития формата «Центральная Азия – Китай» как одного из наиболее динамично институционализирующихся механизмов сотрудничества в системе форматов «Центральная Азия плюс». На основе анализа международных договоров, документов Шанхайской организации сотрудничества, итоговых документов саммитов «Китай – Центральная Азия», двусторонних соглашений и официальных программных документов раскрываются договорно-правовая база, институциональная архитектура и современные направления развития данного механизма. Особое внимание уделяется международно-правовой природе формата, соотношению юридически обязательных международных договоров и инструментов мягкого права (soft law), а также правовым механизмам реализации сотрудничества в сфере транспортной взаимосвязанности, торговли, инвестиций, энергетики, цифровой экономики, промышленной кооперации и устойчивого развития. Обосновывается вывод о том, что формат «Центральная Азия – Китай» эволюционирует от консультативного политического диалога к устойчивому международно-правовому механизму sui generis, сочетающему договорную основу, регулярную саммитную дипломатию и развивающуюся систему отраслевой координации без учреждения самостоятельной международной организации. По результатам исследования сформулированы научные выводы и практические предложения, направленные на дальнейшее совершенствование международно-правового регулирования данного формата.
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