XORIJIY DAVLATLARDA OILAVIY MEDIATSIYA INSTITUTINING QIYOSIY-HUQUQIY TAHLILI
Kalit so‘zlar:
mediatsiya, oilaviy mediatsiya, mediator, neytral vositachi, huquqiy nizo va nizolarni muqobil hal etish, konfliktAnnotatsiya
Maqolada oilaviy nizolar va nizolarni hal etishda mediatsiya tartib-taomilini o‘tkazish bo‘yicha xorijiy tajriba muhokama qilinadi, xorijiy mamlakatlardagi mediatsiya to‘g‘risidagi qonunlar va ularning qabul qilish vaziyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Mediatsiyaning joriy etilishi bugungi kunning tabiiy tendensiyasi, oilaviy sohadagi nizolarni hal etish, nizolashayotgan tomonlarga ko‘proq mos keladigan natijani olish imkonini beruvchi vosita ekanligi ta’kidlanadi. Shuningdek, xorijiy mamlakatlardagi mediatsiya nizolarni tomonlar o‘rtasida maqbul tarzda hal etish tajribasi, sud-huquq tizimi yukini bevosita yengillashtirish omili ekanligi tadqiq qilingan. Oilaviy nizolarni hal qilish mas’uliyatli vazifadir, shuning uchun aksariyat xorijiy mamlakatlarda mediatsiya qonunlarida birinchi bo‘g‘inda mediatsiya tartibida, keyin esa sudda ko‘rilishi belgilangan. Ba’zi xorijiy mamlakatlarda oilaviy nizolardan farzand kimda qolishi, umumiy mulkni aniqlash, aliment masalalari bo‘yicha ishlar, avvalo, mediatsiya tartibidan o‘tishi majburiy etib belgilab qo‘yilgan. Aksariyat xorijiy mamlakatlarda mediatsiya qonunlarida mediatorga kasbiy malaka, oilaviy mediatsiya sohasida qo‘shimcha maxsus tayyorgarlik, yosh va amaliy tajribaga oid maxsus talablar mavjud. Shu bilan birga, mediatorning kasbiy mahoratiga qo‘yiladigan talablardan tashqari, mediatorning axloqiy fazilatlariga qo‘yiladigan talablar ro‘yxati ham mavjud. Xulosa qilinadiki, dunyoning rivojlangan mamlakatlarida mediator faoliyati qonun bilan tartibga solinadi va ham professional, ham noprofessional asosda amalga oshiriladi, biroq bir qator mamlakatlarda subyektlar qonunchiligida qo‘shimcha huquqbuzarliklar belgilanishi mumkin. Mediatsiyaning ixtiyoriy va majburiy turlari mavjudligi tahlil qilingan. Shu bilan birga, O‘zbekistonda bo‘lgani kabi, professional mediatorlar ko‘pincha oliy ma’lumotli yoki qo‘shimcha kasbiy ta’lim olgan shaxslardir.
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