MUQOBIL VASIYLIK KONTEKSTIDA BOLA HUQUQLARINING MOHIYATI, TASNIFI VA FUNKSIYALARINING NAZARIY-HUQUQIY TAHLILI
Kalit so‘zlar:
bolalar huquqlari, muqobil vasiylik, BMTning Bola huquqlari to‘g‘risidagi konvensiyasi, bola huquqlarini tasniflash, bola huquqlari funksiyalari, deinstitutsionalizatsiyaAnnotatsiya
Maqola xalqaro va milliy huquqning mustaqil tarmoqlararo kategoriyasi sifatida bolalar huquqlarining kompleks nazariy-huquqiy tahliliga bag‘ishlangan. Unda bola huquqlari tushunchasi, mohiyati va asosiy xususiyatlari – umumiylik, ajralmaslik, o‘ziga xoslik, komplekslik hamda xalqaro huquqiy shartlanganlik kabi jihatlar yoritib berilgan. Ushbu xususiyatlar bolalikni himoya qilishning alohida huquqiy rejimini shakllantirishda ahamiyatga ega. Shuningdek, Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Bola huquqlari to‘g‘risidagi konvensiyasi (1989) va O‘zbekiston Respublikasi qonunchiligi, xususan, “Bola huquqlarining kafolatlari to‘g‘risida”gi Qonun hamda Oila kodeksi asosida bolalar huquqlarini tasniflashning 3Ps modeli (Provision – Participation – Protection) va uning turli modifikatsiyalaridan tortib, huquqlarni shaxsiy nomulkiy va mulkiy huquqlarga ajratishgacha bo‘lgan mavjud yondashuvlari tizimlashtirilgan. Bola huquqlarining funksional vazifasiga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan: ularning o‘zaro bog‘liqlikda himoya, rivojlantirish, ijtimoiylashtirish, kafolatlash, kommunikatsiya va oldini olish kabi funksiyalari ajratib ko‘rsatilib, tavsiflangan. Muallifning asosiy ilmiy hissasi 3P + G kengaytirilgan modelini asoslashdan iborat. Unda to‘rtinchi komponent – institutsional kafolatlar (Guarantees) – protsessual himoya mexanizmlari, bolaning mustaqil vakillik huquqi va vasiylik sharoitlarini doimiy monitoring qilish tizimini o‘z ichiga oladi. Taklif etilayotgan model bolani ota-ona qaramog‘idan mahrum bo‘lgan holatlarda, ya’ni muqobil vasiylik sharoitida qo‘llash imkoniyatlari bilan asoslangan. Bunday vaziyatlarda bolaning o‘ta zaifligi mavjud huquqiy kafolatlarni institutsional jihatdan yanada mustahkamlashni talab etadi.
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