THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE ESSENCE, CLASSIFICATION AND FUNCTIONS OF CHILD’S RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF ALTERNATIVE CARE
Keywords:
child’s rights, alternative care, UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, classification of child’s rights, functions of child’s rights, deinstitutionalizationAbstract
The article is dedicated to a comprehensive theoretical and legal analysis of child rights as an independent intersectoral category of international and national law. The concept, essence, and key characteristics of child rights – universality, inalienability, specificity, comprehensiveness, and international legal conditioning – are revealed, forming a special legal regime for protecting childhood. Based on the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including the Law “On Guarantees of the Rights of the Child” and the Family Code, the existing classification approaches are systematized: from the 3Ps (Provision – Participation – Protection) model and its modifications to the division of rights into personal non-property and property. Particular attention is paid to the functional purpose of child rights: protective, developmental, socializing, guaranteeing, communicative, and preventive functions are identified and characterized in their interconnection. The author’s central contribution is the substantiation of the expanded 3P + G model, where the fourth component – institutional guarantees – includes procedural protection mechanisms, the child’s right to independent representation, and a system for constant monitoring of guardianship conditions. The proposed model is justified in relation to alternative care situations, where the increased vulnerability of a child deprived of parental care objectively requires institutional strengthening of existing guarantees.
References
1. Abdullayeva, M. (2019). Pravovуe osnovy zashchity prav rebenka [Legal foundations for the protection of the rights of the child]. TSUL Publ.
2. Arts, K., & Popovski, V. (Eds.). (2006). International criminal accountability and the rights of children. Springer.
3. Bakayeva, F. Kh. (2009). Garantii prav rebenka v Uzbekistane [Guarantees of children’s rights in Uzbekistan]. TSIL Publ.
4. Chernaya, A. V. (2018). Children’s rights concept in modern social and humanitarian discourse. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 9(4), 140–167.
5. Franklin, B. (1986). The rights of children. B. Blackwell.
6. Gheaus, A. (2024). Children’s human rights. In Routledge handbook of philosophy of human rights. Routledge.
7. Ignateva, S. V. (2020). K voprosu o zashchite imushchestvennykh prav nesovershennoletnikh [On the issue of protecting the property rights of minors]. Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1(85), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2020-1-76-80
8. Korol, I. G. (2008). Lichnye neimushchestvennye prava rebenka [Personal non-property rights of the child] (Doctoral dissertation). Russian Academy of Justice.
9. Kurakina, Yu. V. (2022). Prava rebenka: k voprosu ob opredelenii ponyatiya [Rights of the child: On the issue of defining the concept]. The Academic Journal of Moscow City University, 1(45). https://doi.org/10.25688/2076-9113.2022.45.1.03
10. Laktyunkina, E. A. (2005). Prava rebenka v kontekste kontseptsii ustoychivogo razvitiya [Rights of the child in the context of the concept of sustainable development] (Doctoral dissertation). Bashkir State University.
11. Lavrishcheva, O. A. (2019). Klassifikatsiya prav rebenka: teoretiko-pravovoy aspekt [Classification of children’s rights: Theoretical and legal aspect]. Agrarian and Land Law, 11(179). https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/klassifikatsiya-prav-rebenka-teoretiko-pravovoy-aspekt
12. Lobanova, T. V. (2006). Pravovoe polozhenie rebenka v Rossii i Velikobritanii (Anglii): Teoretiko-pravovoy analiz [Legal status of the child in Russia and Great Britain (England): Theoretical and legal analysis] (Doctoral dissertation). Bashkir State University.
13. Lux, A., & Kaya, R. (2023). Editorial: Challenges of children’s rights. Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies, 64(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1556/2052.2023.00002
14. O’Mahony, C. (2019). Constitutional protection of children’s rights: Visibility, agency and enforceability. Human Rights Law Review, 19(3), 401–434. https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngz017
15. Okyulov, O., Imomov, N. F., & Burkhanova, L. M. (Eds.). (2021). Semeynoe pravo [Family law]. TSUL Publ.
16. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2025, December 24). Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. UP-256 On approval of the Strategy for the protection of children from all forms of violence for 2026–2030. https://president.uz/ru/lists/view/8831
17. Republic of Uzbekistan. (1998, April 30). Family Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Lex.uz. https://lex.uz/ru/docs/104723
18. Republic of Uzbekistan. (2008, January 7). Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan On guarantees of children’s rights. Lex.uz. https://lex.uz/docs/1297318
19. Republic of Uzbekistan. (2014, January 2). Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan On guardianship and trusteeship. Lex.uz. https://lex.uz/uz/docs/2307828
20. Republic of Uzbekistan. (2024, November 14). Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. LRU-1004 On the Protection of Children from All Forms of Violence. Lex.uz. https://lex.uz/uz/docs/7219505
21. Rutman, E. L. (2007). Prava i interesy rebenka v grazhdanskom i semeynom zakonodatelstve: pravovaya sushchnost i sootnoshenie [Rights and interests of the child in civil and family legislation: Legal essence and correlation]. Legal Issues, 4(25), 185–189.
22. Saidov, A. Kh. (2002). Mezhdunarodnoe pravo prav cheloveka [International human rights law]. Academic Law University of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
23. Saidov, A. Kh. (Ed.). (2012). Obshchaya teoriya prav cheloveka [General theory of human rights]. Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
24. Schrama, W., Freeman, M., Taylor, N., & Bruning, M. (Eds.). (2021). International handbook on child participation in family law. Intersentia.
25. United Nations General Assembly. (1959, November 20). Declaration of the rights of the child (Resolution 1386 [XIV]). https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/childdec.shtml
26. United Nations General Assembly. (1989, November 20). Convention on the rights of the child (Resolution 44/25). https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child
27. United Nations General Assembly. (2010). Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children (A/RES/64/142). United Nations.
28. Veselov, M. (2020). Administrative and legal ensure of “the best interests of the child” in the field of junior justice. Public Administration and Law Review, 3, 49–56. https://doi.org/10.36690/2674-5216-2020-3-49
29. Yuldasheva, G., Esanova, Z. N., Egamberdiev, A. U., & Tukhtasheva, U. A. (2017). Prava rebenka [Rights of the child]. Baktria Press.
30. Zhukovskaya, N. Yu., & Kazarova, D. S. (2024). The personal rights of the child: The essence and summands of the concept. Russian Law: Education, Practice, Science, 140(2), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.34076/2410-2709-2024-140-2-13-24
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 JURISPRUDENCE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
